235例小儿营养不良的发生原因及对策分析

The reasons and countermeasures of malnutrition 235 cases

目的探讨小儿营养不良的发生原因,并提出针对性的预防和治疗对策。方法回顾性分析该院收诊的135例营养不良患儿的临床资料,并对其营养不良的原因及对策进行总结报道。结果 235例营养不良的患儿的发病原因主要为:①与喂哺有关:完全母乳喂养者19例(8.09%),人工喂养者157例(66.81%),混合喂养者59例(25.10%);哺喂不足者181例(77.02%),其中添加辅食不及时者89例(37.87%),主食或者辅食营养结构不合理者92例(39.15%)。②与所患疾病有关:消化道感染者95例(40.43%),呼吸道感染者52例(22.13%),败血症14例(5.96%),肝炎18例(7.66%),麻疹6例(2.55%)。③与先天疾病有关:先天性唇裂23例,先天性腭裂4例。部分患儿的病因包括以上2个或者2个上,此外早产儿46例(19.57%)。根据每个患儿的病因进行针对性的治疗,症状均有显著好转,治疗中未出现死亡比例。结论小儿营养不良的防治措施主要包括广泛开展小儿的营养健康教育,合理喂哺保证小儿的营养需求,积极进行抗感染及其他疾病的治疗,纠正水及电解质平衡失调,采用药物促进和改善代谢功能等。

Objective To discuss pediatric malnutrition reasons, and puts forward the prevention and treatment of specific coun- termeasures.Methods Retrospective analysis the clinical data of 135 malnourished children in our hospital,summary the reasons and countermeasures. Results The cause of 235 malnutrition children mainly for： ①feed： completely the breastfeeding 19 cases （8.09%）,artificial feed 157 eases（66.81%）,mixing fed 59 cases （25.10%）; Nutrition deficiencies 181 cases （77.02%）,of which add to assist food in 89 cases （37.87%）, staple food or assist food nutrition unreasonable structure in 92 cases （39.15%）;②have diseases： the digestive tract infections 95 cases（40.43%）,respiratory infections in 52 cases（22.13%）, sepsis, 14 cases（5.96%）,hepatitis 18 cas- es（7.66%）,and the 6 cases （2.55%）;③congenital diseases： congenital cleft lip in 23 cases, congenital cleft 4 cases; Part of the cause of children including two or more than two, in addition premature 46 eases（19.57%）.According to each of the children on the specific cause of treatment, symptoms were significantly improved, treatment does not appear in the death rate. Conclusion Pedi- atric malnutrition of prevention and control measures are mainly includes extensive children＇s nutrition and health education, feed the children ensure reasonable nutrition needs, and actively to resist infection and other disease＇s treatment, correcting, water and electrolyte balance disorders, using drugs promote and improve metabolism, etc.