电影与国家形象:产业、文化与美学

Films and National Image:Industry,Culture and Aesthetics

所谓国家形象,是一个国家的经济、政治、军事、文化、人口、历史、民族等方面的表象特征的总和,是通过大众传媒、影视产品等传播介质所塑造出的形象。它既包括一个国家在国内的形象,也包括在国外的形象。在全球信息和市场流通的前提下,一个国家的国际形象和国内形象之间往往相互参照、相互影响、相互作用。西方国家对中国形象的认知随着时代的变化也经历了一个不断变化的过程。直到20世纪,西方的中国形象仍表现出两个极端,而在文化的功能上则表现为西方文化的"他者"形象。国家文化形象是国家形象的重要组成部分,具有独特的价值和意义。中国电影自其诞生之日起,一方面要保障自身健康发展,同时又要承担起塑造国家形象的使命。文化自觉和文化自信是电影产业发展的前提,也是电影产业塑造中国国家形象的关键,只有如此,才能改变当下中国国家形象"他塑"的局面。

The so-called national image is a summation of a nation＇s economic, political, military, cultural, demographic, historical and ethnologic features. It is a general image built by communication channels like mass media, film and television, personnel, products as well as their domestic and international audiences. It consists of a nation＇s images at home and abroad that reflect, influence and act upon each other if with the smooth flow of global information and markets. Along with the changes of time, western countries＇understanding of China＇s image has also experienced a constantly changing process. Until the twentieth century, while Chinese national image was still interpreted by westerners in two extremely different ways, Chinese culture was regarded as with distinctive characteristics and functions. In this sense, a nation＇s cultural image as a major part of a nation＇s image has its unique value and significance. Since the day of its birth, the Chinese film has com- mitted itself not only to its own healthy growth but to the mission of shaping China＇s image. To Chinese film industry, cultural consciousness and cultural confidence are both the premise to its development and the key to its success in building China＇s national image. Only when the two cultural aspects are highlighted can China no longer be ＂given＂ a national image by other countries.