网购供应链网络均衡模型研究

An Equilibrium Model of Online Shopping Supply Chain Network

本文假设网络零售商和消费者之间商品流既可以通过顾客自提的方式实现,也可以通过快递服务的方式实现,建立了电子商务环境下的网购供应链网络均衡模型,网络中包含四级决策主体,分别是:制造商、网络零售商、快递服务商和消费者。在分析快递服务商的竞争行为的基础上,得到了基于变分不等式的竞争均衡条件。并指出网购消费者的决策行为与一般购物行为存在差异,即网购消费者的决策准则是基于商品价格、快递服务价格和物流配送时间等因素的综合成本函数。综合各级决策者的均衡条件,定义了网购供应链网络系统的整体均衡条件,并给出了经济解释。最后给出算例。

In this paper we propose a framework for the formulation, analysis and computation of online shopping supply chain networks which consist of manufacturers, retailers, express service providers, and eonsumers, con- sidering express service providers playing a more and more important role in e-commerce. We identify the net- work structure of the problem, derive the equilibrium conditions, and establish the finite-dimensional variational inequality formulation. The model assumes that transactions between consumers and online shops can be done through two ways： Consumers go to the warehouse to get the commodity, or express companies deliver commodi- ties to consumers after they purchase from the Internet. This paper particularly focuses on analyzing the competi- tion between express service providers and consumers＇ decision behavior different from common shopping. Con-sumers choose different express providers based on the perceived generalized cost consisting of commodity price, express delivery price and delivery time. Finally a numerical example is given.