教育法的可诉性探析

Exploration on the Judicability of Education Law

教育法的可诉性是指教育法作为一种行为规范,当发生教育法律纠纷时,可以被当事人和纠纷解决机构加以运用的属性。衡量教育法是否具有可诉性的标准有三:一是权利义务主体与内容是否明确;二是法律责任是否明晰;三是是否有法定的主体和程序来认定并追究这些法律责任。以此来衡量,我国教育法的可诉性存在着权利内容不确定、义务主体泛化、法律责任缺失、救济途径狭窄等问题。鉴于此,在创制和修订教育法律时有必要从以下方面着力:建立一套健全的、具有可诉性的教育法律责任体系;明确纠纷解决机制;禁止使用鼓励性规定;提高教育立法透明度,增加公众对立法过程的参与。

The judicability of education law refers to the attribute by which, when an education legal dispute happens, education law, as a behavioral norm, can be applied by a party or dispute solution institution. There are three criteria for the judgment： （i） whether the right and responsibility subject and the content is clear; （ii） whether the legal responsibility is clear; and （iii） whether there is legal subject and procedure for deciding and carrying out such responsibility. Accordingly, the education law in China has such problems as content uncertainty, responsibility subject vagueness, legal responsibility deficiency, and relief sewer narrowness. Therefore, it is necessary to begin the revision from the following perspective while making and revising education law： to set up a complete and judicable responsibility system of education law; clarify dispute solution mechanism; prohibit using inciting rules; promote the openness of education legislation; and increase public participation in the legislation process.