僰道:昭通最早以道路命名的县级政区——兼论秦汉道级政区的设置与交通之关系

Textual Research of Bodao That the First County Name of Chaotung Administrative Region According to Road

"道"作为政区通名,起源于秦,两汉都有以"道"命名的县级政区。"道"的由来,后人多解释为"有蛮夷曰道"。其实,统治者要想长期控制一个地方,不论是采取武力降服还是文治教化,都必须借助道路交通;在环境闭塞的少数民族地区,道路的作用尤为重要,开路置驿乃是国家一统的象征和标志,新置政区以道路命名,尽在情理之中。蜀郡太守李冰最早开辟了通往僰人聚居区的"僰"道,奠定了川、滇东线交通的基本格局,秦汉经营"南夷"之地,均以"僰"道为基础,并在此设置了与道路同名的县级政区———僰道。

＂Road＂ as a generic Administrative Region originated from the Qin Dynasty, and Han Dynasty also has the county-level government area that named after the ＂Road＂. Later Generations interpreted the origin of the ＂Road＂ mostly as the area that ＂barbarian residence ＂. In fact, the rulers in order to carried out a long--term control on somewhere, ei- ther they use military force or Social Edification, they must by means of the road traffic to do it. The road had played a more important role in the occlusive environment that the ethnic minority was living. In the ruler＇s eyes, road building and post station establishing usually regarded as a symbol of national unification, which makes it reasonable that a new administrative region named after ＂road＂. Li Bing, as the prefecture of Shujun, was most early builded the road to the Bo people＇s residence area which laid the basic pattern of traffic lines in eastern sicbuan-yunnan. The rulers of Qin and Han Dynasty manage the reign of the South Ethnics are based on the road to the Bo people＇s residence area, and in the mean time they had set the namesake county-level administrative division as ＂Bodao＇.