应对效能在地震创伤后应激障碍状况的中介效应分析

Analysis of coping efficacy as a mediator in post traumatic stress disorder in earthquake areas

目的调查5.12汶川地震后四川省汉源县高中生的创伤后应激障碍现状。探讨乐观主义、悲观主义、应对效能和创伤后应激障碍的关系模型。方法采用乐观主义—悲观主义量表、应对效能问卷、事件影响量表、心理创伤后应激障碍自评量表对300名灾区高中生施测。结果震灾2周后,32.65%的灾区高中生应激水平在临界值以上,女生的应激水平显著高于男生,悲观主义能够直接和通过应对效能间接地正向预测PTSD-SS总分,乐观主义通过应对效能间接地负向预测PTSD-SS总分。结论乐观主义和应对效能是灾区高中生的心理保护因素。

Objective To understand post traumatic stress disorder（PTSD）among high middle school students in Hanyuan who experienced earthquake in Sichuan,China on May 12,2008,and establish an interaction model for optimism,pessimism,coping efficacy and PTSD.Methods 300 high middle school students in earthquake area were assessed on 4 scales including Optimism-pessimism Scale,Coping Efficacy Questionnaire,Impact of Event Scale（IES）,PTSD self-rating scale（PTSD-SS）.Results Two weeks after the earthquake,32.65% of the high middle school students had higher PTSD-SS total scores than the recommended critical score.Girls had higher stress level than boys.Pessimism could directly and indirectly predict the total scores of PTSD-SS positively.Optimism could indirectly predict the total scores of PTSD-SS negatively through coping efficacy.Conclusion Optimism and copying efficacy are two psychological protective factors for high middle school students in Sichuan Earthquake area.