论政府的非管理化——关于“新公共管理”的趋势预测

On Non-administrative Tendency of the Government — Perspective of “New Public Management

人类已经发明过两种行政管理模式,一种是统治行政,另一种是管理行政。统治行政是传统等级社会中的行政管理模式,管理行政产生于近代社会,并在本世纪最终确立起来。2 0世纪 70年代以来的行政改革,表明一种新的行政模式的出现,即 新公共管理",它的变革意义在于政府的公共政策化和公共管理的社会化。在哲学的意义上,新公共管理在主体与客体、权力与服务、效率与成本、个体利益与公共利益等许多方面实现了中心与边缘的位移,并力图从根本上解决管理行政公平与效率不可兼得的矛盾。

A relatively new model of administration is discussed in this article, that is, the “new public management' emerged in the 1970s. This model has come into being as a result of the reform in the area of administration. Significance of this new development lies in the change of channels of governments function. The author explains that in this model the government may function by means of public policies or through socialization of public management. The discussion continues by examining the model in the light of such philosophical concepts as subjectivity and objectivity, power and right, efficiency and cost, individual interest and collective interest and so on. Ways to achieve balance between fairness and efficiency are also analyzed.