一维贵金属纳米材料的控制合成与应用

Controllable synthesis and application of one-dimensional noble metallic nanomaterials

一维纳米材料具有优良的尺寸效应,一维贵金属材料表现出不同于相应块体材料的特殊物理化学性能。本文以一维贵金属纳米结构的合成方法和机理为探讨重点,总结了近年来国内外用于控制合成一维贵金属纳米材料的主要方法,包括模板法、多元醇还原法、化学电沉积法以及金属催化还原法。着重以金属银、钯为例,介绍了其形状可控的一维纳米结构的生长机理,并以金、银等一维纳米材料为例介绍了其一维纳米结构在功能材料以及生物医学等领域的应用前景。指出建立一维金属纳米结构制备科学的新理论、新方法及其成核生长动力学模型是进一步研究的方向。

One-dimensional nanomaterials possess excellent size effect.One-dimensional noble metallic materials display special physical and chemical properties different from corresponding block materials.In this paper,the main methods for the synthesis of controllable one-dimensional noble metallic nanomaterials in recent years were summarized,including template method,polyhydric alcohol revert method,chemical electricity deposited method,metal catalyzed reduction method,and the synthesis methods and mechanisms of one-dimensional noble metallic structures were focused on.With the emphasis on noble metals,such as silver and palladium,the mechanisms for the growth of controllable one-dimensional structures in shape were discussed,and the potential applications of gold and silver one-dimensional nanomaterials in the field of functional materials and biomedicine were also introduced.It is indicated that establishing new theories and methods for the preparation of one-dimensional metallic nano structures in preparation science,together with the model for the nucleation and growth kinetics shall be the focus in further research.