破伤风抗毒素皮试及脱敏处理的建议

Tetanus Antitoxin Used in Skin Test and Deallergization Treatment

破伤风抗毒素(TAT)是用破伤风类毒素免疫马匹所得的血浆经胃酶消化后,提纯制得的液体制剂。对人体而言它是一种异种蛋白质,具有抗原性,在使用过程中易发生过敏反应。因此在临床工作中,准确判断TAT皮试结果及皮试阳性后进行脱敏治疗至关重要。通过配制出相对准确浓度的TAT皮试液、减少皮试液的注射量及延长皮试观察时间等措施,可以在最大程度上避免TAT皮试假阳性或假阴性的问题,同时在皮试阳性后通过规范的脱敏治疗,达到减少患者痛苦的目的。

Tetanus antitoxin is a liquid preparation obtained by purification following pepsin digestion from the plasma of horses that have been immunized with tetanus toxoid. It is a foreign protein to human with antigenicity and may cause allergy reaction in use. It is of key importance to judge correctly the skin test result and to conduct deallergization for positive cases in practice. False positive or negative results in skin test can be avoided to a maximum degree by means of using an appropriate concentration of skin test fluid of tetanus antitoxin, decreasing the injection dose of skin test liquid, and extending the time of observation. At the same time standard deallergization for positive cases should be given to reduce the anguish of patients.