隐喻和换喻

Metaphor and Metonymy

隐喻和换喻来自修辞学领域，但由于其成因及功能的独特性，对整个语言学乃至其他科学正在产生愈来愈重要的影响。近些年来，“隐喻至上论”格外盛行，这在一定程度上淡化了对换喻的研究，同时也不利于对隐喻本质的的把握。

Metaphor and metonymy are domains of stylistic studies, but they are exerting an increasingly important influence on the whole of linguistics and even on other sciences because of their peculiarities of origins and functions. In recent years, “the supremacy of metaphor” has been dominant, leading to the negligence of the study of metonymy to a certain extent and at the same time making it difficult to grasp the essence of metaphor. As indicated by the present study, metaphor and metonymy are a mutually related unity of opposites — on the one hand, they share some features in terms of the equivalence of positional value, replacement, semantic transfer and collocation, and, on the other, they have obvious differences in terms of psychological basis, paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations, syntactic features, functional features and motivation. An understanding of their common features and differences and an analysis based on the theories of a multitude of disciplines will surely promote the healthy development of the study of metaphor and metonymy.