大豆杂交方法应用进展

Application Progress of Soybean Crossing Methods

总结了各地大豆杂交各主要环节的不同做法,分析了这些做法的优缺点及产生背景,并结合黑龙江省农业科学院黑河分院的实践经验,总结出了比较合理的杂交方案,即父本条播,母本穴播,既利于母本保花保荚又利于杂交操作;去雄采用整体去雄法,去雄后1～2h再授粉,适当的间隔时间可以增加适宜花的数量,减少恶劣天气的影响,增加成活花的绝对数量进而提高杂交效率;去雄应在早晨6∶00之前完成,可大幅降低伪杂种率;在水分适宜的条件下,杂交后无需包扎,只需用彩线对杂交花朵进行标记,选中适宜花后其它花荚全部去除,这样既利于杂交果营养的供应,又便于摘荚收获。

The components of soybean crosses around different approaches were summarized to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of these practices and background to clarify the optimal hybridization program under different circumstances,combined with the practical experience of Heihe Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,and summed up a reasonable hybridization program,the paternal drilling,female parent dibble,both conducive to female parent insurance flowers and pods also conducive to hybrid operation;Emasculation overall emasculation after 1~2 h pollinated appropriate interval could increase the number of suitable flowers,reduce the impact of bad weather,increase survival spend the absolute thereby increasing the hybridization efficiency;Emasculation should be completed before 6∶00,could significantly reduce the pseudo-hybrid rate;Under optimum moisture conditions after hybridization without dressing,the hybrid flowers marked simply with the color line,the other flowers and pod should remove after selecting appropriate flowers,it was not only conducive to the supply of the hybrid fruit nutrition,but also easy to pick pod harvest.