网球发球技术的生物力学分析

Biomechanical Analysis of the Serve Techniques in Tennis

采用高速立体摄像 (5 0 0格 /秒 )和现场调研等方法 ,对我国男、女网球选手的发球技术进行了分析。从生物力学角度对抛球、击球动作技术以及动作节奏问题的本质做了探讨。认为抛球高度落差过大是造成击球爆发用力动作不连贯的主要根源 ;提高发球速度重点是要发挥躯干力量 ,应采用螺旋式向上用力技术 ;上肢尽管对球拍有最后加速功能 ,但更重要的是控制用力方向和球的落点 ;新、旧发球技术在用力节奏上有本质性区别 ,新的发球动作节奏更符合动作目的和人体运动原理。针对我国运动员当前技术上存在的问题提出了训练建议 ,供教练员和运动员参考。

Tennis serves were recorded by 3 D high video (500Hz) and the data from the kinematics and on the spot survey was analyzed to evaluate Chinese male and female players' serve techniques. It was emphasized to investigate the biomechanical nature of tossing, hitting and the movement rhythm in the serve. The authors' primary ideas were that the too large altitude difference from the highest point to the hitting point is the cause for non consistency in serve actions. Bringing the trunk into play with screwing up exertion is the key technique of increasing the ball speed. Although the upper limb has the function of final acceleration, its importance lays in the control of hitting direction and ball landing. There exists intrinsic difference between the old and the new serves in that the new serve is true of the aim of actions and the laws of human movement. Some technical problems of the Chinese players' serves are pointed out and possible training suggestions are put forward for reference.