美国反就业歧视立法及其借鉴意义

On Legislation of Anti-discrimination in Employment in USA and its Significance to China

美国制定了完善的反就业歧视法律体系,对就业歧视的概念、类型及认定标准作了清晰界定,相对合理地划分了劳资双方各自的举证责任,并设立了反就业歧视的专门机构,为劳动者提供了方便的救济途径。这些都是我国反就业歧视法律需要借鉴的地方。但是在差别对待歧视案件中,美国法律要求证明雇主的歧视动机,在一定程度上降低了反就业歧视的效果,我国法律在就业歧视的认定上应采用客观标准。

The United States has worked out a perfect anti-discrimination employment law system which clearly de- fined the concept, the types and the judging standards of discrimination in employment, divided the burden of proof between labor and management, and established a specialized agency to provide a convenient relieve approach for workers. The legislation of anti-discrimination in employment in China needs to learn a lot from USA. However, the law in USA asks for providing the employers＇ discriminatory motive when we treat the discrimination cases to re- duce the effectiveness of the anti- discrimination law to a certain extent. So, China should adapt an objective criteria in Identify employment discrimination.