日本冲绳本岛临海民居风景防护林的构建及对中国新民居建设的启示

Construction of Residential Shelter Forest in Okinawa Main Land and Its Implications for New Residential Construction Plan of China

为加快推进中国农村新民居建设,完善相关配套建设措施,笔者借鉴日本在防灾减灾理论和方法方面处于世界前列,以法律的形式保证规划先行的经验,通过对冲绳本岛相关历史资料分析、民意调查和实地调查,以及福木起源的追溯,福木数量和防护林密度的测算等,论证了福木风景防护林映衬红瓦木造建筑为冲绳典型集落(即村庄、村落)特征。风景防护林的构建源自于村民抵御自然灾害的本能和政府保一方平安的责任意识,最后发展为保护村民生活环境、保障社会安定的基础。同时防护林使冲绳自然环境更显生态美观,促进了旅游业的兴旺,旅游已成为冲绳的支柱产业。

For the accelerating new residential construction of rural areas in China, and perfecting related supplementary construction measures, the authors learnt from Japanese with an advanced theories and methods of planning ahead on disaster prevention and mitigation which were protected by law. The fact of red tile wooden buildings around with common Gareinia scenery shelter forest being the Okinawa typical village feature was confirmed by analyzing historical materials of Okinawa main land, mass observation and field survey, and measuring numbers of common Garcinia and density of shelter forest. Construction of scenery shelter forest originated from the instinct of villagers＇ resisting natural disasters and responsibility of the local government ensuring peace and safety, and finally it was developed as the basis to protect the living environment of villagers and keep the social stability. Meanwhile, shelter forests promote ecological beautifulness of Okinawa natural environment and prosperous tourism. Now tourism income has become the main source of revenue in Okinawa.