我国不同等级单板U型场地滑雪运动员身体形态与身体成分研究

Research on the Body Shapes and Compositions of Chinese Halfpipe Snowboarders at Different Levels

为探讨我国优秀单板U型场地滑雪运动员身体成分特征,采用文献资料、实验检测和数理统计等方法对我国单板U型场地滑雪运动员的身体成分进行调查,并按照性别以及运动员级别的不同进行统计分析。结果表明:我国单板U型场地滑雪运动员肌肉、骨骼发育水平良好、肌肉增厚以及骨骼和关节较大,身材不太细长身高每单位重量大,四肢重量相对大身体形态偏向瘦小;运动员身体较为强壮、体质好,骨骼肌的收缩有力、运动员有氧耐力和运动能力较高、运动员身体皮下脂肪含量较大;其身体成分变化以身高体重的不断增加、瘦体重小幅递减后的快速增高、脂肪重量和体脂百分比快速递增后的平缓下降为主要特征。同时依据研究中发现的不足之处提出加强体能训练;调整饮食结构;完善训练计划等建议,为促进我国单板U型场地滑雪运动的发展提供参考。

In order to discuss the characteristics of Chinese excellent halfpipe snowboarders body composi tions, with the methods of documentary information, laboratory testing and mathematical statistics, the paper has an investigation on it and has a statistical analysis on it according to their genders and rankings. The re suits show that their muscles and bones grow well with thickened muscles and enlarged bones and joints, their body shapes are not slender if the weight is heavier relative to height and are slender if the weight is more in limbs, they are strong with well physical fitness and powerful skeletal muscle, their aerobic endur ance and athletic performance are high, their subcutaneous fat contents are more, the change characteristics of body compositions are mainly as follows ： with ever increasing height and weight, the lean body mass in creases rapid after small decreasing, the fat mass and percentage of body fat decrease gently after rapid in creasing. Furthermore, considering the shortage found in the research, it suggests enhancing the physical training, improving the dietary structure and training programs, as a reference for advancing the development of Chinese halfpipe snowboarding.