中国环境基本公共服务绩效的数量测度

The Quantitive Measurement of Basic Public Service Efficiency of China's Provincial Environment

本文在"投入—产出—受益"三维视角下构建了2003-2009年中国环境基本公共服务绩效评估指数,并对中国式分权框架下的环境公共服务效应进行了实证检验,这为在晋升体系中考虑基本公共服务发展因素提供了有益的思路。研究结果表明:中国各省级间环境公共服务绩效水平存在显著的差异,东部地区环境公共服务绩效水平明显高于中西部地区。经济发达地区较之经济落后地区、城镇化率高的地区较之城镇化率低的地区环境基本公共服务绩效水平更高。中国式财政分权并不影响省区间环境基本公共服务的产出水平和受益程度,但是存在"诱导"地方政府降低环境基本公共服务投入的内在激励,并造成环境基本公共服务综合绩效下降。政策建议是:政府加大对经济落后地区和农村地区的环境基本公共服务投入力度,同时将环境基本公共服务绩效评估指标纳入考核。

In the perspective of ＂input-output-benefit＂, the paper constructed an efficiency evaluation index of basic public service of provincial environment dated from 2003 - 2009, and empirically checked the effect which fiscal decentralization had on the basic environment service efficiency. The study found that there were significant provincial differences among the basic environment service efficiencies. The efficiency score of eastern area was higher than that of the middle and western areas, and the efficiency score was also higher in richer areas and in areas with higher urbanization rate than that in poorer areas and areas with lower urbanization rate . Fiscal decentralization would not reduce the output level and benefit degree obviously, but it would reduce the input level, which decreased the total efficiency score. We suggest enhancing the environment service input level in poor and rural areas, and incorporating the efficiency evaluation index of environment service into the basic service developing appraisal.