美国器官捐献和移植管理体系简介

Introduction of organ donation and transplantation administrative system in the United States

美国是世界上器官移植开展最早和数量最多的国家,1968年就出台了《联邦遗体捐献法》,1984年又出台了《国家器官移植法》,有较为完善的法律体系,成立了国家层面的器官捐献移植协调管理机构和分布在各州和地区的58个器官获取组织,建立了覆盖全国的网络,形成了有效的经济运行机制,能有效地开展工作,较好地解决了移植器官短缺的问题。这些实践对中国目前开展的器官捐献工作有重要的借鉴和参考意义。

The United States is one of the earliest countries which carries out organ donation in the world with the largest number of cases up to now. The Uniform Anatomical Gift Act （UAGA）, the first law governing organ and tissue donation, was originally enacted in 1968. The National Organ Transplant Act （NOTA） was issued in 1984, which contributed to the comprehensive legal system in the United States, Furthermore, organ donation and transplantation regulatory authorities at national level, along with 58 state organ procurement organizations, have established the network throughout the whole country, and works under an effective economic operative mechanism and working system, which provides a favorable solution to organ shortage. The American mode is a good reference to China.