抑病型土壤的微生物区系特征及调控

Characterization of the microbial flora and management to induce the disease suppressive soil

土壤是农业生产中的重要资源,降低农用化学品的投入、提高土壤质量、保持土壤健康是实现农业可持续发展的关键因素。现代农业以集约化生产为特征,高效农业给农民带来了显著的经济效益,但也给土壤增加了巨大负担,以土传病害为主的土壤连作障碍危害严重。因此,国际学术界提出了"抑病型土壤(disease suppressive soil)"这个名词,以防控土传病害发生为主要目的,其潜在的利用价值还未得到充分开发。根际土壤微生物区系与植物根系的生长和代谢密切相关,对植物营养元素的供给和植物健康的维持发挥着重要作用。国内外对抑病型土壤根际微生物区系特征的研究已有较多报道,而对根际土壤微生物区系与土壤抑病性之间的关系以及如何通过调控根际微生物区系来诱导抑病型土壤的形成等方面的研究,正在成为土壤微生物和植物病理交叉研究领域的热门课题。本文综述了抑病型土壤微生物区系的特征及抑病型土壤微生物区系的调控措施等方面的研究进展。

Soil is an important resource in agricultural production,sustainable agriculture requires that input of the chemicals keeps lower while the soil quality and healthy can be maintained. Modern agriculture is characterized by extensive output, which indeed makes farmers much richer. However, extensive agriculture gives soil big burdens and continuously cropping obstacles such as soil borne diseases occur very often worldwide. Disease suppressive soils which can control soil borne disease were proposed about 40 years ago, but their potential application in sustainable agriculture is less exploited. Rhizosphere microbial flora interacted closely with plant roots, and affected the nutrient uptake and healthy of host plants. Researches on microbial flora of disease suppressive soil have been undertaken for a long period, but the relationship between rhizosphere microbial flora and disease suppressiveness as well as how to manage the rhizosphere microbial flora to induce soil suppressiveness have recently become hot issues in the cross discipline of soil microbiology and plant pathology. This review focuses on the recent research progress of rhizosphere microbial flora and the management strategies of disease suppressive soil.