不同地膜覆盖栽培对李园土壤性状及早熟李果成熟期和品质影响

Effects of different plastic-film mulching on soil properties as well as maturity period and fruit quality of precocious plum in a plum orchard

以6年生李树为对象,开展不同地膜覆盖对李园土壤性状及早熟李果成熟期和品质影响的研究。结果表明:普通透光膜地表增温显著,反光膜在低温季节能够提高土壤温度,高温季节降低地表温度。覆膜处理能够提高土壤含水量,降低土壤容重,提高土壤的通气透水能力,提高土壤中有机质、N、P、K等养分含量。普通透光膜处理使得花芽萌芽和开花期提前1周左右,反光膜可比普通透光膜处理提前3 d采摘,比裸地处理提前1周采摘。反光膜处理果实糖分、可溶性固形物、蛋白质和维生素C含量最高,普通透光膜处理次之,裸地的含量最低,其差异均达到显著水平。

A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different plastic-film mulching on soil properties as well as maturity period and fruit quality of precocious plum in a 6-year-plum orchard. The results showed that ordinary light film mulching significantly increased soil surface temperature, whereas reflective film mulching marked- ly increased soil temperature in the low temperature season and reduced the soil surface temperature in the high tem- perature season compared with the bare ground. Plastic-film mulching could increase the soil water content, soil permeable capability as well as soil organic matter, N, P, K and other nutrient contents, but decreased soil bulk density. Ordinary light film mulching had set flower bud break and florescence one week ahead. Reflective film mulching had set fruit picking 7 d and 3 d ahead, respectively, compared with ordinary light film mulching and the bare ground. Improvement in fruit sugar, soluble solids, and protein and vitanfin C contents in the fruits followed the order as ： reflective film mulching 〉 ordinary light film 〉 the bare ground.