农用化学品污染及预防建议

Agricultural chemical pollution and prevention suggestion

农用化学品是农业生产的重要组成部分,其安全问题也成为人们关注的焦点。农用化学品可分为化肥、农药、农膜3类。化肥主要用于提高土壤肥力,增加农作物产量,不合理使用则会改变土壤性质,降低土壤肥力,并且对生态环境以及人类健康造成不可忽视的危害。农药主要用于杀菌、杀虫、除草等,在促进和保障农作物健康生长中发挥重要作用,但农药的滥用造成农药事故频发,农药的毒性富集作用以及残留问题越发引起人们的关注。农膜主要用于农膜覆盖栽培技术,农膜的原料主要是聚乙烯树脂等高分子化学物质,在土壤中很难降解,造成的环境污染问题日益突出。各种农用化学品的不合理使用,可降低农产品的质量,使其在出口贸易中受到极大限制,造成巨大的经济损失。本文在肯定农用化学品在现代化农业生产中的巨大贡献的同时,深入分析了其污染状况及危害,总结了当前国际上对于化肥、农药、农膜的研究进展以及所取得的成果,最后提出了科学使用农用化学品的建议。

Agricultural chemicals, such as fertilizers, pesticides and polymers, are an indispensable component in the modern agri- cultural production but their safety for human health is becoming a major concern. This paper reviews the various types of agricultur- al chemicals and their impacts on the environment. Fertilizers are used for improving soil fertility and increase production. However, unreasonable use can lead to reduction in soil fertility and degradation and contamination of the ecosystem. Pesticides are mainly used for control of insects, weeds or fungi. They help maintain the crops healthy and high agricultural production. Abuse however can lead to human poisoning or contamination of the environment. Attention has been more on pesticides than fertilizers. Agricultural polymers have been increasingly used to control weeds, reduce water or soil loss. However, they are difficult to degrade in the soil and can lead to environmental pollution. Studies have shown that soil fertility can decrease over time. Th.s review argues that unrea- sonable use of agricultural chemicals can reduce soil and crop qualities and cause important economic loss. and the review summari- zes the current international research on these chemicals and puts forward suggestions and measures to improve the science of agri- cultural chemicals.