作物病虫害遥感监测研究进展

Research progress of crop diseases and pests monitoring based on remote sensing

农作物病虫害监测目前在数据采集上主要依靠植保人员田间调查、田间取样等传统方式,不仅耗时、费力,而且存在以点代面的代表性差、主观性强和时效性差等弊端,难以满足大范围病虫害实时监测的需求。近年来遥感技术的发展,为大面积、快速获取作物和环境信息提供了重要的手段,是未来大面积病虫害监测和预测预报与产量损失评估的重要手段。该文在阐述植物病虫害胁迫光谱响应的生理机制的基础上,对目前病虫害遥感监测中所常用的光谱敏感波段及植被指数进行了汇总、整理,并对病虫害识别、严重度监测和损失评估等方面所使用的算法进行了综述。在此基础上,指出了目前作物病虫害遥感监测中尚需解决的关键技术问题,并就如何实现大面积作物病虫害遥感监测提出了解决思路。

For the monitoring of crop diseases and pests, traditional methods are still commonly used for data collection such as manual inspection and field sampling. However, these methods are not only time consuming, labor intensive, but also lack of generality and effectiveness, and tend to be subjective, which cannot satisfy the real-time monitoring of crop diseases and pests over vast area. Recently, the development of remote sensing provided an important mean for large area and rapidly obtaining crops and environmental information. This method showed a promising potential as an alternative method to traditional methods in disease monitoring, forecasting and yield loss assessment. Based on the description of physiological mechanism that crop diseases and pests stressed spectral response, some effective spectral wavelengths, and vegetation indices for crop diseases or pests monitoring were summarized and sorted. In addition, a number of algorithms used to identify diseases and pests identification, to monitor their severity, and to assess yield loss were also reviewed. Then, challenge problems of key technology on monitoring crop diseases and pests with remote sensing was also pointed out, and some possible solutions and tendencies how to realize large area monitoring the crops diseases and pests in future were also provided.