总量控制、区际排污指标分配与经济绩效

Total Quantity Control,Interregional Allocation of Emission Permits and Economic Performance

总量控制是我国进行污染物减排的基本制度。在总量控制的前提下,如何给不同区域进行排污指标分配对于地方和国家的经济绩效都将产生重要的影响。本文通过构建模型并进行递归模拟,比较分析了社会福利原则、公平原则、溯往原则和产值原则四种排污指标分配原则对经济绩效产生的影响。研究结果表明:向技术优势企业所在的区域进行倾斜,分配较多的排污指标,将有利于提高企业的利润总和,但是却会拉大区域之间的差距;而向技术劣势企业所在的区域进行倾斜,虽然可以提升消费者的福利水平和总税收,并缩小区域差距,但是企业利润总额却要下降。因此,中央政府需要考虑各方利益,在总体效率与区际公平之间进行权衡。此外,中央政府利用中央财政对落后区域进行减排专项转移支付,则可以在一定程度上解决公平性的问题,并且能够进一步提升社会总福利水平。

By establishing an economic model and recursive simulation, this paper analyses how different distribution rules can influence economic performance under the total quantity control. The results show that tihing emission permits distribution policy towards the region whose enterprise has technical advantages will help to improve the enterprises＇ total profit, but will widen regional gap, otherwise, it will promote consumer welfare level, increase total tax revenue and narrow the gap between the regions, but the enterprises＇ total profit will decline. Therefore, to solve the dilemma, the central government needs to balance the overall efficiency and interregional fairness. Further study shows that the central government transfer payment to the region lagging behind in technology can solve the fairness problem.