师范专业实践教学的形态与发展

Forms and Development of Practice Teaching in Teacher Education Program

作为培养基础教育师资的师范专业，实践教学呈现“集中实习”、“顶岗置换实习”、“义务支教实习”、“微格教学实习”、“自主拜师学教实习”、“家教实习”等多元形态。这些实践教学形态产生的动因是高师院校办学定位与特色的引领，是师范生自主发展的诉求，是实践教学的社会环境、资源配置方式的变化。师范专业实践教学正在发生着变革，实践教学的内容从教学技能实习向研究性实习转变，实践教学的组织由单一主体向校地合作转变，实践教学的空间由中小学现场向现场与实验环境相结合的转变，实践教学变革的价值追求从形式状态向注重质量转变。

Teacher education program is aimed to cultivate qualified teachers for elementary education. Practical teaching has many forms, including ＂concentrated educational practice＂, ＂post practice＂, ＂volunteer teaching practice＂, ＂microteaching practice＂, ＂apprenticeship＂ ＂tutoring practice＂, which are under the guidance of the positioning and specialty of normal colleges, and agree with the requirements and demands of student teachers＇ self-development, indicating the changes in resources allocation methods and the social environment for practice teaching. Great changes have taken place in the practice teaching in teacher education program. The content of practice teaching is transforming from teaching-skill practice to researching ability practice. The organization system of it is shifting from mono-subject to the cooperation of school and local government. The teaching space of it is changing from classrooms to the combination of classrooms and experimental environment. The focus of value pursuit of the innovation in practice teaching is shifting from change of form to change of quality.