从资本的逻辑到身体的逻辑——对马克思哲学的另一种解读

From the Logic of Capital to the Logic of the Body——Another Interpretation of Marx's Philosophy

马克思的哲学,既可以说是一种实践哲学,也可以说是一种身体哲学。青年马克思极其关注身体的存在困境,指出了身体异化的四种情况:即身体被异化为机器、被异化为动物化的肉体、被异化为商品、被异化为与自然相对立的东西。身体异化的根源,恰恰是资本逻辑的大行其道。资本逻辑是一种唯生产的逻辑,必然导致把人的身体视为机器;资本逻辑是一种唯欲望的逻辑,必然导致把人的身体当作动物化的肉体;资本逻辑是一种拜物教的逻辑,必然导致把身体视为与他人交换的商品;资本逻辑还是一种反自然的逻辑,必然导致人与自然的疏远。走出资本的逻辑,就需要回归身体的逻辑,即回归生命、回归生产、回归需要、回归审美。

Marx＇s philosophy can be defined as either practical philosophy or physical philoso- phy. Young Marx was extremely concerned with the physical dilemma of existence. He identified four types of physical alienation, namely, being alienated to machine, to animal flesh, to com-modity, and to an object against nature. The cause for physical alienation is just the prevalence of the logic of capital. The logic of capital as a logic that over emphasizes the unique importance of production would inevitably lead to alienation of the body to machine. The logic of capital as a type of desire-driven logic would inevitably lead human body to animal flesh. The logic of capital is a logic of fetishism, which would inevitably view human body as commodity to be exchanged. The logic of capital is also against nature, which would lead to estrangement of human being from nature. To get rid of the logic of capital we must return to the physical logic, that is, return to life, to production, to needs and to aesthetics.