妇产科患者医院感染危险因素分析及控制

Risk factors of nosocomial infections in obstetrics and gynecology ward and its controlling strategies

目的探讨妇产科患者发生医院感染的危险因素和预防措施,为控制医院感染提供科学依据。方法采用回顾性调查的方法,对医院2009年1月-2011年12月收治的4180例妇产科患者进行统计分析。结果 4180例患者中发生医院感染共135例,感染率3.23%,其中妇科发生医院感染95例,感染率3.58%,产科发生医院感染40例,感染率2.61%;感染部位以呼吸道为主,其次为泌尿道、胃肠道、手术切口和宫腔,妇产科患者医院感染危险因素主要有年龄、合并其他疾病、侵入性操作、预防应用抗菌药物和住院时间长。结论切实落实各项规章制度,严格执行无菌操作,做好消毒隔离和健康宣教,加强病房管理,有针对性地采取措施以降低妇产科患者的医院感染率,促进患者早日康复。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the risk factors of nosocomial infections and the preventive measures in obstetrics and gynecology ward so as to provide the scientific basis for the control of nosocomial infections.METHODS By means of retrospective survey,a total of 4180 patients,who enrolled the obstetrics and gynecology department from Jan 2009 to Dec 2011,were taken for statistical analysis.RESULTS Among 4180 patients in the study,135 cases were with nosocomial infections,the infection rate was 3.23%,there were 95 cases in the gynecology department,the infection rate was 3.58%,and there were 40 cases in the department of obstetrics with the infection rate of 2.61%.Respiratory tract topped the infection sites,followed by the urinary tract,gastrointestinal tract,surgical incision and uterine cavity.The age,complications,invasive operation,prophylactics use of antibiotics,and the prolonged hospital stay were the risk factors for the nosocomial infections.CONCLUSION The strict implementation of rules and regulations,the implementation of aseptic technique,strict disinfection and isolation,and health education and strengthening ward management of predisposing factors to take appropriate preventive measures can contribute to the reduction of the incidence of nosocomial infections and the promotion of the early recovery.