高分子化学中一些重要概念的定义

Definition of Several Important Conceptions in Polymer Chemistry

高分子化学中有几个重要的概念,但在教科书中没有给出明确的定义,这给高分子化学教学带来许多困难。文中确切定义了结构单元、重复单元、聚合度和数均聚合度等基本概念,举例阐述这些概念及其之间的关系。给出缩聚体系平均官能度、基团量比和过量分率的定义,推导出数均聚合度分别对平均官能度、基团量比和过量分率的方程式,给出在特定缩聚体系中套用数均聚合度方程时,基团量比和过量分率的表达式。

There are several important conceptions in polymer chemistry,but they have not explicit definition in the schoolbooks,that bring many difficulties for teaching and study of polymer chemistry.Those basic conceptions of structure unit,repetitive unit,degree of polymerization,number-average degree of polymerization were explicit defined in the paper,and the relationships between those conceptions were elaborated.The average functionality,the amount ratio of functional group and the superfluous ratio were defined in condensation polymerization.The equations of number-average degree of polymerization were deduced from the average functionality,the amount ratio of functional group and the superfluous ratio,respectively.The expressions of the amount ratio of functional group and the superfluous ratio were presented by using the equations of number-average degree of polymerization in some specifically condensation polymerizations.