比较文学美国学派的理论视域及文学理论研究性质

The Theoretical Vision and Literary Theory Nature of the American School of Comparative Literature

美国学派是比较文学内部继法国学派之后出现的又一个比较文学研究学派。在对比较文学的定位上,美国学派反对法国学派把比较文学局限于文学史的范围,将文学批评引入比较文学的研究,扩大了比较文学的研究领域。在比较文学的研究范式上,美国学派不满足于法国学派把比较文学局限于"事实关联"的影响研究,倡导对没有事实联系的不同文学的"平行研究",并旗帜鲜明地把"文学性"确定为比较文学的研究中心。美国学派的理论视域及文学理论研究性质,顺应了20世纪50年代以来的世界文学格局的发展方向和变化现实,其对比较文学的积极拓展和深远影响是值得肯定的。

As an important approach of comparative literature,American school sought to return the field to matters more directly concerned with literary criticism,instead of confining comparative research within the scope of historical research as what French school had demanded.In terms of research paradigm,unlike the French school which focused on the study of influences based on'correlated facts',American school highlighted the so-called'parallel studies' between literary works from different nations and clearly made'literariness as the center of comparative study.The theoretical horizon of American school and its idea of comparative literature as literary criticism kept the pace of world literature from 1950s and made a positive contribution to the development of comparative literature.