多种慢性疾病老年患者罹患抑郁及焦虑症的临床分析

Clinical analysis of chronic-disease-evoked depression and anxiety disorders in elderly people

目的探讨常年患有多种慢性病的老年人中抑郁焦虑症状发病状况。方法调查住院患者所患病种状况,并对所有入组的住院患者进行老年抑郁量表(GDS)和焦虑自评量表(SAS)的评分。GDS得分≥11分表示存在抑郁症状。SAS得分总粗分>40分者,表示存在焦虑症状。结果 GDS得分≥11分的有52例,占全部病例的43.3%,其中,患两种慢性病的占9.1%,3种慢性病的占10.4%,4种及以上慢性病的占75.4%。SAS得分>40分的有39例,占全部病例的32.5%,其中,患两种慢性病的0例;3种慢性病的占4.2%;4种及以上慢性病的占60.7%。结论患有心、脑血管疾病、脑卒中、慢性肾脏疾病、恶性肿瘤、骨质疏松症等病种的老年人易于出现心理障碍问题。患有4种及以上慢性病的老年人是抑郁症、焦虑症的高发人群。抑郁症的发病率高于焦虑症。焦虑症往往伴发于抑郁症。

Objective To investigate the incidence of depression and anxiety disorders among elderly people with various chronic diseases over years. Methods Types of diseases in hospitalized patients were collated, and geriatric depression scale （GDS） and self-rating anxiety scale （SAS） were evaluated in all the in-group patients. Depression was revealed in patients with GDS larger than 11, whereas anxiety was presented in patients with total SAS larger than 40. Results Fifty two subjects demonstrated GDS score larger than 11, occupying 43.3% of all subjects, with 9,1% subjects had only two types of chronic diseases, 10.4% subjects had only three types of chronic diseases, and 75.4% subjects had four or over four types of chronic diseases. 39 subjects showed SAS score larger than 40, occupying 32.5% of all subjects, with 0 subjects had on- ly two types of chronic diseases, 4.2% subjects had only three types of chronic diseases, and 60.7% subjects had four or over four types of chronic diseases. Conclusion Elderly people with chronic diseases such as cardio-eerebrovascular diseases, stroke, chronic nephrosis, malignant tumor and osteoporosis are prone to have psychological disorders. Elderly people with four or over four types of chronic diseases are in high risk of depression and anxiety. Besides, the incidence of depres- sion is significantly higher than anxiety. Anxiety often accompanies with depression.