从劳动力供给与需求看我国“增长型失业”

Discussion on China's "Growth-style Unemployment" Based on Supply and Demand of Labor

伴随着我国经济高速增长的是失业率的居高不下,以至出现了所谓的"增长型失业"。从劳动力的供给方面看,由于存在大量的农村剩余劳动力、国有企业改革、隐性失业的显性化、自愿失业以及高校盲目扩招,使劳动力供给未能适应经济转型的需要;从劳动力需求方面看,我国第二产业比重过高,而第三产业比重偏低,且产业结构的偏离度高,产业结构的扭曲导致就业吸纳能力降低。因此,我国的"增长型失业"实质是"结构性失业",必须从劳动力供给和需求两方面采取多种措施:加快产业结构的调整优化,改变对二元经济转型和城镇化的片面理解,积极探索国有企业改革的新路子,改革当前高校人才培养机制与模式,并不断完善失业统计核算制度。

With the high-speed-growth of China＇ s economy, the unemployment rate of China stays at a high level, and so-called ＂growth-style unemployment＂ emerges. From the perspective of labor supply, the labor supply does not fit for the demand of the economic transition because there are a lot of rural surplus labors, implicit unemployment explicitation after state-owned enterprise reform, unbidden unemployment and blindfold college enrollment enlargement. From the perspective of labor demand, employment adsorption capacity of China＇ s industry is low because China＇ s secondary industry rate is too high while the tertiary industry rate of China is too low and because industrial structure deviation degree is high and because industrial node is distorted. Thus, China＇ s ＂growth-style unemployment＂ is actually ＂structural unemployment＂, China must take multiple measures from the perspective of labor supply and demand to accelerate industrial structure adjustment and optimization, change unilaterally understanding of dual economic transition and urbanization, actively explore new paths for state-owned enterprise reform, reform current talent cultivation mechanism and model of colleges and universities and continuously perfect unemployment statistics checking system.