公共服务均等化:财政分权还是“三维”联动机制

Equalization of Public Services:Fiscal decentralization or “three-dimensional” Linkage Mechanism

公共产品还是公共服务的多学科解读说明公共服务均等化涉及到政治、财政经济、政府管理三个方面,即政治权利、财政经济能力和政府管理职能。由此,当前流行的财政分权决定了公共服务非均等化供给的观点,只关注到公共服务均等化的财政经济能力问题,而忽视了公共服务的公民权力享有和政府管理职能两个方面。因而要实现公共服务均等化就必须超越单一的财政能力思维,实施"压力、能力、动力"的"三维"联动机制,即宏观政治的科学发展战略、中观的公共财政体制与微观的政府为主导的多中心治理机制的"三维"联动。

Multidisciplinary interpretation of public products or public services reveals that equalization of public ser- vices is related to political, economic and governmental management on three aspects, that is, the political rights, the fi- nancial economic ability and the management function of the government. Therefore, the current popular standpoint of the equal access to public service supply by fiscal decentralization only focuses on the financial economic capacity, and ig- nores other two aspects： the public service of civil fights and the government management. The aim to achieve equal pub- lie services will have to go beyond a single financial ability thinking, that is the implementation the ＂3D＂ linkage system of the ＂pressure, ability and motivation＂, namely the scientific development of the macro-political strategy, the middle pub- lic financial system and the microscopic government as the leading multi-agency management mechanism .