叙利亚穆斯林兄弟会的演变及其特点

The Development and Evolution of the Muslim Brotherhood in Syria

叙利亚穆斯林兄弟会经历了酝酿和成立时期(1930～1946年)、合法参政时期(1947～1958年)、转向激进时期(1963～1982年)、海外活动时期(1982年至今)4个主要发展阶段。在这一发展过程中,叙穆兄会经历了从合法参政到非法活动,从非暴力手段到暴力反抗,从国内斗争到国外活动的转变。叙穆兄会的发展演变史表明,自独立以来,叙利亚政府一直未能处理好宗教与国家、宗教与世俗、传统与现代之间的各种关系,导致该国政治现代化进程出现了曲折和反复,并最终酿成了今天的危局。

The Muslim Brotherhood in Syria has experienced four phases： the period of the preparation and formation （ 1930 - 1946）, the period of the legal par- ticipation （ 1946 - 1963 ）, the period of the radical transformation （ 1963 - 1982）, the period of the aboard activities （ 1982 - ） . After analyzing its development, the author maintains that because of the absence of the system level, the relation be- tween the Muslim Brotherhood and the regime shows the confrontation between secu- larism and religion, tradition and modernity, leading to the departure and torture of the modernization of Syria＇ s politics, finally contributing to today＇ s crisis.