古埃及亡灵崇拜的原因及其文化蕴涵

The Reasons and the Cultural Connotation of Ancient Egyptian Specter Worship

自然崇拜、亡灵崇拜和法老崇拜是古埃及宗教的核心内容。亡灵崇拜是埃及宗教发展的中间环节,因而具有承上启下的独特作用。亡灵崇拜是埃及自然崇拜发展的必然结果,反映了埃及由原始社会向奴隶社会过渡的历史,因而是人间社会力量的折射。亡灵崇拜还受到埃及人思维模式和尼罗河人文地理环境的影响。亡灵崇拜中蕴涵着埃及文明的重要信息。金字塔文、棺文和亡灵书等死者之书反映了埃及当时的社会变迁、道德风尚和民族习俗,蕴涵着丰富的文化信息;在亡灵崇拜观念支配下进行的雕像、绘画,反映了当时的艺术水平与大众审美;木乃伊制作、金字塔建筑等冥世活动中蕴涵着埃及人的死亡哲学。

Nature worship, specter worship and Pharaoh Worship were the es- sential contents of ancient Egyptian religion. The specter worship was the intermedi- ate link of Egyptian religious development, so it has played a unique role for con- necting nature worship and specter worship. The specter worship was the inevitable result of nature worship, reflecting the Egyptian transition from Primitive society to Slave society; without doubt it was the embodiment of human Social forces. Besides, specter worship was also influenced by the Egyptian thinking mode and human geo- graphical environment in the Nile basin. Specter worship entailed the important infor- mation of Egyptian civilization. Specifically speaking, with rich cultural connation, Pyramid Texts, Coffin Texts and Book of the Dead demonstrated the evolution of the ancient Egyptian society, morality and Ethnic customs. The sculptures and paintings dominated by the concept to the worship of specter revealed the art level and popular aesthetic in ancient Egypt. The last but not the least, the establishment of mummies and the building of the pyramids contained philosophy in ancient Egypt.