节能日光萎凋设施及其对白茶萎凋效果研究

Research of sunlight withering room and its withering effect on white tea

为了稳定提高白茶品质,减少能耗和人工成本,实现白茶萎凋的机械化、连续化,该文对节能日光萎凋房及新型变频连续萎凋机应用于白茶萎凋工艺进行研究。研究结果表明,福鼎市的白茶日光萎凋房朝向宜坐北朝南,南偏西5°,采光屋面倾角为22°;变频连续萎凋机可实现日光萎凋和自然萎凋的反复交替,萎凋机太阳总辐射强度和温度分布为4层>3层>2层>1层,总辐射强度日变化在34～695W/m2范围,萎凋温度日变化在17.8～32.7℃范围,满足白茶复式萎凋工艺要求;设施复式萎凋的白茶品质优于自然萎凋,研究结果为白茶设施复式萎凋提供参考。

In this paper, the energy-efficient sun withering room and a novel variable-frequency continuous withering machine were used for white tea leaf withering to optimize the processing condition, which aims to substantially improve white tea quality, while reduce the energy budget and labor cost by realizing fully automation of white tea leaf withering. The results show that sun withering room for white tea in Fuding city should be facing 5 degree south by west, with the roof angle of 22o. Variable-frequency continuous withering machine can realize automatic alternation of sun withering and natural withering. The total solar radiation intensity and temperature in the machine exhibits gradient as （from high to low） level 4 〉 level 3〉 level 2 〉 level 1. The daily variation of total solar radiation is in the range of 34 to 695 W/m2, and accordingly the daily variation of temperature is from 17.8℃ to 32.7℃, both of which comply with the requirement of white tea withering condition. It demonstrates that the quality of white tea withered in the facility is much better than that withered by traditional natural withering. The study results can provide a reference for fully automation of white tea leaf withering in facility.