高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基分子标记在小麦品种改良中的应用

Application of Molecular Markers of HMW-GS in Wheat Improvement

为了同时对产量和品质进行改良,以面包小麦品种豫麦34为优质供体,与高产品种轮选987杂交,并结合高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)7+8和5+10的分子标记鉴定,回交两次,育成12个同时含有7+8和5+10亚基的BC2F5品系,并以这12个品系为材料,研究了对轮选987品质和产量的改良效果。结果表明,9个品系的主要品质指标,如粉质仪形成时间、稳定时间,拉伸仪最大抗延阻力,和面仪和面时间、峰值面积、8min带宽,面包体积和面包评分,均较轮选987明显增加,增幅依次为0.5～4.3min、2.6～12.4min、118.4～315.3BU、0.7～3.5min、23.6%TQ·min～134.9%TQ·min、6.1%～9.7%、80～165cm3、12.5～30分。1BL/1RS易位对品质负向影响较大,但也有例外。11个品系比轮选987增产,增幅为3.3%～19.5%,其中CA1063、CA1062和CA1061三个品系达显著水平,且比对照中麦175分别增产4.1%、3.5%和1.9%;8个品系产量与中麦175差异不显著,品质明显优于轮选987和中麦175。这说明通过分子标记辅助选择可以实现产量与面包品质的同步改良。

To improve wheat yield and bread quality simultaneously, 12 BC2F5 breeding lines with high molecular glutein subunits （HMW GS） of 7＋8 and 5＋10, which derived from the cross between Yumai 34 and Lunxuan 9873 and identified by molecular marker assisted selection, were used to investigate the performance of yield and quality. The cultivar Yumai 34 with high bread making quality was used as the donor of HMW GS 7＋8 and 5＋10, and Lunxuan 987 as the high yield backcross parent. Results showed that 9 out of the 12 lines had higher values than Lunxuan 987 on most of the quality parameters, such as dough development time and stability of farinogragh, maximum resistance of extensogragh, mixing time, peak integral and Time X width at 8 minute of mixogragh, loaf volume and total score, which ranging from 0.5 to 4.3 minutes, 2.6 to 12.4 minutes, 118.4 to 315.3 BU, 0.7 to 3.5 minutes,23.6% TQ·min to 134.9% TQ·min,6.1% to 9.7%,80 to 165 cm3, 12.5 to 30 points, respectively. 1BL/1RS translocation had great negative effect on quality, but with exception. The yields of 11 lines increased by 3.3% to 19.5% compared with Lunxuan 987. Among the 11 lines, the yield of three lines named as CA1063, CA1062 and CA1061 were significant higher than that of Lunxuan 987, and were higher than that of check cultivar Zhongmai 175 by 4.1%, 3.5% and 1.9%, respectively. Eight lines, which did not show significant difference in yield with Zhongmai 175, exhibited better quality compared with Lunxuan 987 and Zhongmai 175. It indicated that yield and quality could be improved at same time by molecular marker assisted selection.