甘蓝型油菜与近缘种、属杂交时花粉-雌蕊相互作用的研究

Studies on Pollen-Pistil Interaction between Brassica napus and Its Relative Species and Genus

甘蓝型油菜作母本与白菜、甘蓝、黑芥、芥菜型油菜和埃塞俄比亚芥杂交时,花粉粘合程度减弱。花粉管常常不能穿入柱头,与花粉管接触的柱头乳突细胞内普遍产生胼胝质。少数异源花粉管能穿过柱头进入花柱,但时有异常胼胝质沉积在花粉管中。海甘蓝的花粉很难粘合在甘蓝型油菜柱头上。异种花粉与甘蓝型油菜雌蕊的亲和性按大小依次分为三类:1.白菜、甘蓝和芥菜型油菜,2.埃塞俄比亚芥,3.黑芥和海甘蓝。作者认为由花粉一柱头相互作用决定的不亲和反应是芸苔属植物间不亲和杂交的主要障碍之一,克服自交不亲和的某些方法,可能有助于克服这种障碍。

In the cross pollinations between Brassica napus,which was used as female parent,andB.campestris,B.oleracea,B.juncea and B.carinata,the binding degree of pollen grainswas weakened,pollen tubes usually failed to penetrate papillose cells in which callose deposited.Sometimes,a few of alien pollen tubes with unusual deposited callose could enter intostyles through stigmas,but abnormal callose could deposit in the tubes.The pollen ofCrambe abssynica was hardly ever observed binding to the stigma of B.napus.Accordingto the compatibility degree,the compatibility between alien pollen and pistil of B.napuswere classified into three types:the first one for pollen of B.campestris,B.oleracea andB.juncea,the second one for pollen of B.carinata,and the third one for B.nigra andCrambe abssynica.It was suggested that the incompatible reaction caused by pollen-stigmainteraction could be the one of main obstructors of interspecific incompatible crosses ingenus Brassica and some methods for overcoming self incompatability might be useful toresolve such problem.