我国部分地方鸭种的亲缘关系及起源分析

Analysis of Relationship and Origin among Some Chinese Domestic Duck Breeds

为揭示我国部分地方鸭种的亲缘关系及其起源,选取12对荧光标记微卫星引物,对12个地方鸭种及2个野鸭品种进行遗传多样性检测。利用Microsatellite-Toolkit软件将数据结果导入FSTAT和Dispan软件计算标准遗传距离DS、DA遗传距离,并对12个地方鸭群体与2个野鸭品种之间的遗传距离进行方差分析,最后基于标准遗传距离DS与DA遗传距离对14个鸭品种通过构建UPGMA系统发生树进行聚类分析。结果表明:该12个地方鸭种与绿头野鸭、斑嘴鸭之间的DA遗传距离(配对试验均数差异t检验)差异极显著(P<0.01),基于DS与DA遗传距离构建的UPGMA系统发生树都将14个品种聚为3类,并且斑嘴鸭单独聚为一类;可初步判定这12个地方鸭种起源于绿头野鸭,而与斑嘴鸭的遗传距离相对较远。

To reveal the relationship and origin among some Chinese domestic duck breeds,twelve fluorescence labeling microsatellite markers were selected and used to analyze the genetic diversity of twelve domestic duck breeds and two wild duck breeds.The standard genetic distance（DS） and genetic distance（DA） were calculated with FSTAT and Dispan after the dates were imported from Microsatellite-Toolkit software.Then,the two kinds of genetic distances between the twelve domestic duck breeds and the two wild duck breeds were analyzed by variance analysis.At last,UPGMA phylogenetic trees which were used to cluster analysis were structured based on these genetic distances.The results indicated that the genetic distances（DA） between the twelve domestic duck breeds and wild duck and Banzui duck（analysed by paired experiment mean t test） were very significant（P〈0.01）.Fourteen breeds were clustered into three groups by the UPGMA phylogenetic trees,and Banzui duck was clustered into a separate group.It was initially indicated that these twelve domestic duck breeds originated from wild duck while the genetic distances between them and Banzui duck were relatively greater.