汶川地震灾区中学生心理弹性及其影响因素分析

Analyzing the psychological resilience of middle school students in Wenchuan earthquake stricken area and its influencing factors

目的:了解地震灾区中学生心理弹性现状,探讨影响心理弹性的有关因素,为促进灾区学生心理健康提供依据。方法:选取汶川地震极重灾区和轻灾区两所中学的初中学生为研究对象,采用量表及自制结构式调查问卷调查。结果:调查分析了1256名学生;极重灾区学生心理弹性得分为40.82±6.04,轻灾区学生心理弹性得分为43.42±6.24,差异有统计学意义(t=7.418,P<0.001);心理弹性受到自尊、积极应对(PC)、内控性、客观支持、房屋受损情况、有势力的他人(P)、对支持的利用度、消极应对(NC)的影响(均为P≤0.01),影响变量解释率达38.5%,其中自尊的贡献率最大。结论:通过改善灾区学生内部因素即提高其自尊水平、改善其应对方式、增强内控性,同时改善外部保护性因素即提高社会支持,可以提高其心理弹性水平,从而促进其心理健康。

Objective To study the status of psychological resilience of middle school students in Wenchuan earthquake area,explore its influencing factors,and provide references for improving their mental health.Methods Some junior high school students were sampled from two schools,which had undergone different disaster from Wenchuan earthquake,and surveyed with scales and self-made structural questionnaire.Results For the 1256 cases of students being surveyed,the average score of psychological resilience was 40.82±6.04 in students suffered from severe disaster,and it was 43.42±6.24 in students suffered from slight disaster,which were significantly different（t=7.42,P0.001）.The influencing factors of psychological resilience were self-esteem,positive coping style,locus of control,objective support,damage situation of houses,powerful others,utilization of support,and negative coping style.The predictive ability of explanatory variables reached to 38.5%,in which the factor of self-esteem had the best predictive ability.Conclusion Some countermeasures can be put forward to improve students＇ psychological resilience and promote their mental health,which were improving internal factors as self-esteem,positive coping style and locus of control,and external factors as social support.