不同炮制方法对附子生物碱类成分的影响

Effects of Different Processing Methods on Contents of Alkaloids in Aconite Root

目的采用高效液相色谱法分析附子不同炮制品中6个生物碱的含量,研究炮制方法对附子中生物碱类成分的影响。方法采用Waters sunfire C18色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),流速0.8ml/min,柱温30℃,检测波长235nm,流动相乙腈-四氢呋喃(25∶15)和0.1mol/L醋酸铵溶液(每1 000ml加冰醋酸0.5ml),梯度洗脱。结果各成分分离度良好。在相应浓度范围内6个生物碱的线性关系良好(r>0.999 1);精密度相对标准偏差<0.44%;加样回收率为95.1%～105.0%。结论该方法快速、准确,适用于附子不同炮制品6种生物碱成分的定量分析。药典法和蒸制法、炒制法都能有效地降低毒性较大的双酯型生物碱类含量,而蒸制法和炒制法又能增加毒性小、疗效高的单酯型生物碱类含量,达到炮制减毒增效的目的。

Objective To measure the contents of six alkaloids in different processed aconite roots by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）, and to investigate the effects of processing methods on the contents of alkaloids in aconite root. Methods HPLC was performed on Waters SunFire C18 column （4.6mm×250mm,5μm） with mobile phases of acetonitrile-tetrahydrofuran （25：15） and 0.1 mol/L ammoni-um acetate solution （glacial acetic acid 0.5 ml/L） for gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, a col-umn temperature of 30 ℃, and a detection wavelength of 235 nm. Results The six alkaloids were well separated. Their concentrations showed a good linear relationship within certain ranges （r^0. 999 1）. The relative standard deviation was less than 0.44%. The average recovery rate ranged from 95.1% to 105.0%. Conclusion HPLC determination can be used for the quantitative analysis of six alkaloids in different pro cessed aconite roots because of its rapidness and accuracy. The method recorded in Chinese pharmacopoeia and the steaming and stir-frying methods can effectively decrease the content of diester alkaloids, which have higher toxicity, and the steaming and stir-frying methods can increase the content of monoester alka-loids, which have lower toxicity and better therapeutic effects. Thus, an appropriate processing method can reinforce the therapeutic effects and attenuate the toxicity of aconite root.