良种金银花不同采收期发育程度与品质比较研究

Comparisons of growth and quality of different harvest stages of improved variety of Lonicera japonica Thunb.

以3个国家良种金银花为研究材料,分别在其三青期、二白期、大白期、银花期、金花期取样,研究良种金银花不同发育程度花蕾内部活性成分的含量变化。结果表明,良种金银花花蕾百针鲜重以大白期最高,亚特、亚特红、亚特立本分别为9.68 g、6.69 g和9.86 g;三个品种折干率在三青期最大,可溶性糖含量在大白期最大;亚特和亚特立本绿原酸和木犀草苷含量随着花蕾的发育逐渐降低,以三青期最高,而亚特红木犀草苷一直处于上升状态,绿原酸到银花期达到最大值。各品种间绿原酸和木犀草苷含量以亚特红最低,在三青期分别为4.22%和0.16%,亚特和亚特立本差异不明显;挥发油的含量则与绿原酸和木犀草苷的变化相反,随着花蕾的发育进程而逐渐升高,到金花期达到最高。三个品种之间以亚特红挥发油含量最高,在金花期达到1.40%,亚特和亚特立本之间差异不明显。综合比较产量、活性成分以及产后初加工,确定亚特良种金银花的最佳采收时期为二白期。

We address the content change of the active substances in their different growth stage with three improved varieties of Lonicera japonica Thunb. of the stages of Sanqing, Erbai, Dabai, Yinhua and Jinhua as objects. Experimental results show that the yield of Dabai stage is the highest, whose value is 9.68 g, 6.69 g and 9.86 g. Drying rate of Sanqing stage is the highest while the content of soluble sugar is the highest in Dabai stage. The contents of chlorogenic acid and luteoloside acid are the highest in Sanqing stage and then gradually decrease with the growth of flower. The contents of chlorogenic acid and luteoloside acid of Lonicera japonica （Yatehong LSB） are the lowest, 4.22% and 0. 16%. The content of luteoloside of Yinhua stage gradully increases with the growth of flower while the content of the chlorogenic acid is the highest in Yinhua stage. Difference is not significant for the two active substances in Lonicera japonica （Yate LSB） and Lonicera japonica （Yateliben LSB）. The content change of volatile oil is contrary to that of chlorogenic acid and luteoloside acid. The content of volatile oil, 1.40%, is the highest for Lonicera japonica （Yatehong LSB）, and nosignificant distinction exists in the other two improved varieties. We discover that the best harvest stage is Erbai stage.