我国大豆种皮过氧化物酶活性和根部荧光性基因表型频率分布

Studies on Phenotypic Frequency Distribution of Alleles of Peroxidase Activity in Seed Coat and Root Fluorescence of Soybeans in China

本研究测定我国1900份大豆栽培种(G.max)、半野生型(G.gracilis)、野生种(G.soja)的种皮过氧化物酶活性和根部荧光性基因表型频率。研究表明,这两个性状基因在我国 Soja 亚属三个种中的表型频率分布是不同的。野生种和半野生型具有较高频率的种皮过氧化物酶高活性和根部非荧光性基因,而栽培种则频率较低。各基因表型频率在栽培种中与种皮颜色、生育习性、结荚习性、百粒重等农艺性状有密切关系,其频率分布在我国地理纬度上表现出一定的规律性。结果还表明种皮过氧化物酶低活性基因和荧光性基因可能在大豆栽培驯化过程中得到积累。

The phenotypic frequencies of two alleles peroxidase activity(Ep,ep)and rootfluorescence(Fr,fr),were examined in Subgenus soja.The samples were 1210 local varieties and improved cultivars in cultivated soybean(G.max)and 690 wild soybean(G.sojaand G.gracilis).They were introduced from germplasm preserved in 18 provinces.The results are as follows:The frequencies and distribution of two alleles were different in three species ofSubgenus soja.G.soja and G.gracilis have higher frequencies of high peroxidase activity(Ep)and nonfluorescence(Fr)while G.max has lower one.The frequencies of the allelesshow significantly related with agronomic charaters such as colour of seed coat,growthhabits,100 seed weights and setting habits in G.max.The higher the frequencies of Ep and fr were,the less the type evolved.The genes epand Fr were accumulated during soybean evolution.The Subgenus soja was divided into four types with the cluster analysis of genetic distance.They were cultivated soybean with light coloured seed coat, cultivated soybean withdark coloured seed coat,semiwild type(G.gracilis)and wild type(G.soja).