抗生素载体系统克服耐药细菌的研究进展

Progress in studies of antibiotic delivery systems to overcome bacterial resistance

近年来,耐药菌感染率居高不下。细菌主要通过减少药物摄取和增加外排、改变靶位、钝化或酶解药物等机制,对各种抗生素产生耐药。本文综述国内外通过载体系统克服耐药的新技术,如脂质体、纳米粒、无机金属载体等。脂质体和纳米粒由于生物相容性和降解性较好,且能靶向网状内皮系统,应用较多。本文主要是介绍近十年来,国外载体系统在抗生素抗耐药菌方面的研究情况,这些载体能克服部分耐药机制,如改变细菌细胞膜,而增加药物在感染部位的浓度,并且减少毒副作用。

In recent years, drug-resistant bacteria and the incidence of intracellular infection were increasing. Antibiotic resistance is the phenomenon that bacteria exhibit significantly reduced susceptibility to antimierobials by mechanisms such as altered drug uptake and increase efflux, altered drug target and drug inactivation. The current technologies for increasing the bioavailability by novel delivery systems to overcome resistance of antibiotics were reviewed, such as liposomes, nanoparticles and inorganic metal carrier. Liposomes and nanoparticles have good biocompatibility and degradation ability and can target the reticuloendothelial system, so they are widely used. The purpose of this review is to provide background information in antibiotic delivery systems gathered from papers published over the last ten years. It seems clear that such drug carriers can increase drug concentration at infected sites and reduce drug toxicity by overcome some resistance mechanisms, such as changing the bacterial cell membranes.