中国儿童白血病发病危险因素及人群归因危险度的Meta分析

Risk Factor and Population Attributable Risk of Children Leukemia in China:A Meta-Analysis

目的系统评价中国儿童白血病发病的危险因素及影响程度,为制定预防决策提供依据。方法计算机检索PubMed、CNKI、CBM、VIP和WanFang Data,收集国内外公开发表的关于中国儿童白血病发病危险因素的病例-对照研究,并辅以手工检索,检索时限均从建库至2011年12月。由2名研究者按照纳入和排除标准独立筛选文献、提取资料、评价质量后,采用STATA 11和Excel 2003软件进行Meta分析。计算各危险因素的合并OR值及其95%CI,并结合总体人群暴露率,计算各危险因素的人群归因危险度百分比(PARP),同时采用失安全系数评估发表偏倚。结果纳入15个病例-对照研究。与儿童白血病发病关联程度较高的前5位因素的OR值及其95%CI分别为:住宅周围污染[OR=2.782,95%CI(2.268,3.413)]、患儿房屋装修史[OR=2.525,95%CI(1.736,3.673)]、母亲孕产期有害物化学物质接触史[OR=2.428,95%CI(1.976,2.985)]、肿瘤家族史[OR=2.212,95%CI(1.677,2.919)]和患儿居住环境电磁场暴露[OR=2.144,95%CI(1.761,2.610)]。获得较大PARP的因素依次为患儿感冒史(37.56%)、患儿房屋装修史(32.95%)、患儿X-线接触史(20.47%)、患儿有害化学物质接触史(17.37%)。以失安全系数估计发表偏倚,结果提示本次研究结果基本可靠。结论控制儿童白血病发病应从加强儿童护理,避免不必要的放射线暴露以及提供良好的居住环境几方面提供积极有效的措施。

Objective To systematically evaluate the risk factors and population attributable risk of children leukemia in China, so as to provide references for policy-making. Methods The case-control studies about risk factors of children leukemia in China were searched in PubMed, CNKI, CBM, VIP and WanFang Data from inception to December 2011. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two reviewers independently screened articles, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of the included studies. Then Meta-analysis was performed using STATA 11 and Excel 2003. The pooled odds ratio （OR） and 95% confidence interval （95%CI） of each risk factor were calculated, and the population attributable risk percent （PARP） based on the exposure rate of the risk factors was computed, and published bias was estimated according to the fail-safe number. Results A total of 15 case-control studies were included. The first 5 risk factors related to children leukemia were： dwelling environmental pollution （OR=2.782, 95%CI 2.268 to 3.413）, house decoration （OR=2.525, 95%CI 1.736 to 3.673）, maternal exposure to chemical hazards （OR=2.428, 95%CI 1.976 to 2.985）, family history of tumor （OR=2.212, 95%CI 1.677 to 2.919）, and child exposure to electromagnetic field around dwelling （OR=2.144, 95%CI 1.761 to 2.610）. Factors with higher PARP were influenza history （37.56%）, house decoration history （32.95%）, X-ray exposure history （20.47%）, and chemical hazards exposure history （17.37%）. The fail-safe number showed the results were generally reliable. Conclusion In order to prevent and control children leukemia, positive and effective measures should be taken in the following aspects： strengthening child care, avoiding unnecessary X-ray exposure, and providing good living environment.