北京海淀区城乡孕产期保健状况调查

Investigation on maternal health care status in urban and rural areas in Haidian District of Beijing

目的了解城乡社区人群孕产期保健状况。方法对接受产后保健的无妊娠合并症及并发症的1126名城乡初产妇进行产后42天的问卷调查。结果在1126例产妇中，产前检查率为100．0％，城乡产妇孕早期（≤12周）产检率分别为85．4％及73．8％，产检次数超过11次的城乡产妇分别占36．7％及26．8％，经比较差异均有统计学意义（，值分别为13．310、7．657，均P〈0．叭）。城乡产妇做6次及以上B超的人数分别达14．4％及16．5％，参加孕妇学校的城乡产妇比例仅分别为60．0％和29．7％，孕期增重〉15kg的城市及农村产妇分别为51．6％和49．3％。城市产妇剖宫产率为44．3％，其中社会因素剖宫产占剖宫产的39．5％；农村产妇剖宫产率为44．1％，其中社会因素剖宫产占剖宫产的42．6％。新生儿出生体重超过3600g的城乡产妇分别为26．6％和27．9％。结论对城乡产妇孕产期保健服务的提供存在过度与不足并存的现象，应采取各种有效措施对孕产妇及大众进行广泛宣教、对医务人员进行广泛培训，从而持续改进孕产期保健工作质量。

Objective To investigate the status of maternal health care in urban and rural community population. Methods A total number of 1 126 puerperal women who took postnatal care and had no pregnancy complications were surveyed with questionnaires on the 42th day after delivery. Results All of 1 126 subjects accepted prenatal examination, and the early pregnancy（≤ 12 weeks） examination rates in urban and rural women were 85.4% and 73.8%, respectively. The percentage of puerperal women taking more than 11 times of antenatal care reached 36.7% in urban areas and 26.8% in rural areas, and the difference was statistically significant （X^2 value was 13. 310 and 7.657, respectively, both P 〈0.01 ）. There were 14.4% of urban women and 16.5% of rural women having received more than 6 times of B-ultrasound examination. The percentages of puerperal women attending pregnancy school were 60.0% and 29.7% in urban and rural areas respectively, and the percentages of them whose weight gain during pregnancy over 15kg in urban and rural areas were 51.6% and 49.3%, respectively. The rate of cesarean section in urban area was 44.3%, among which 39.5% was caused by social factors, while the rate of cesarean section in rural area was 44.1% , among which 42.6% was caused by social factors. There were 26.6% puerperal women in urban areas and 27.9% in rural areas whose neonatal birth weight 〉 3 600g. Conclusion In view of the coexistence of excessive and insufficient maternal health care provided in urban and rural areas, various measures should be effectively introduced to offer a wider publicity and education to the pregnant women and the public of society as well as the comprehensive education and training for medical personnel, so as to improve the quality of health care work continuously.