呼吸内科下呼吸道感染的细菌分布及药物敏感分析

The bacterial distribution and drug sensitivity test of lower respiratory tract infection in respiratory medicine

目的分析呼吸内科下呼吸道感染的细菌分布及药物敏感试验结果。方法选取2010年和2011年呼吸内科下呼吸道感染患者痰液标本,对所感染的细菌进行分类,并分析常用抗菌药物敏感试验结果,观察2年来细菌分布和药物敏感变化情况。结果革兰阴性杆菌仍为主要感染菌群,革兰阳性菌及真菌构次之。金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素的耐药性较高,对苯唑西林耐药性也较高,仅万古霉素敏感性较高。铜绿假单胞菌对于广谱抗菌药物耐药性升高较大,仅亚胺培南、哌拉西林及他唑巴坦敏感性有所下降。结论呼吸内科下呼吸道感染发病率较高,院内感染较多,分析其细菌分布以革兰阴性杆菌常见,其次为革兰阳性菌和真菌,根据药物敏感试验选择敏感抗菌药物有助于缩短住院时间,提高临床疗效,降低感染率。

Objective To analysis the bacterial distribution and drug sensitivity test results of lower respiratory tract infection in respiratory medicine. Methods In 2009 and 2010, the sputum specimens of patients with lower respiratory tract infection were selected. The infection-causing bacteria were classified. Analysis the rug sensitivity test results and observe the bacterial distribution and the change of drug susceptibility. Results The gram negative bacteria was still the main infection flora and the proportion of gram-positive bacteria and fungi improved. The drug resistance of staphylococcus aureus to penicillin was higher, and the drug resistance of staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin was higher too, but it only had the higher susceptibility to vancomycin. The drug resistance pseudomonas aeruginosa to broad-spectrum increased greatly, but the sensitivity of which to imipenem, piperacillin and tazobactam decreased. Conclusion The incidence of lower respiratory tract infection is higher with more nosocomial infection. The gram-negative bacilli is more common,followed by Gram -positive bacteria and fungi. Selecting sensitive antibiotics according to drug sensitivity test can help to shorten the hospitalization time, improve clinical curative effect and reduce infection rate.