东北地区大豆品种资源脂肪酸组成的分析研究

Studies on the Fatty Acid Composition of Soybean Germplasm Resources in Northeast China

测定2341份我国东北地区大豆品种资源5种脂肪酸含量。以亚油酸含量最高,45—62%。平均含量依次为亚油酸>油酸>棕榈酸>亚麻酸>硬脂酸。分析比较结果,各脂肪酸含量,不同种皮色、脐色、结荚习性、叶形和花色品种间存在显著差异。棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸含量,不同栽培类型、不同粒形品种间有显著差异。硬脂酸、油酸和亚麻酸含量,不同荚熟色品种间差异显著。棕榈酸含量,不同茸毛色品种间差异显著。油酸含量高、亚麻酸含量低的品种类型有:栽培大豆,育成品种,黄种皮,淡褐、褐或黑色脐,园形粒,无限结荚习性,卵园形叶,褐色荚,白花的品种材料。亚油酸含量高的品种类型是:半栽培大豆,地方品种,黑或绿色种皮,黄脐,扁椭形粒,亚有限结荚习性,椭圆或披针形叶,紫花的品种材料。各脂肪酸含量,不同地区品种间差异显著,并有较明显的地区性分布趋势。硬脂酸和油酸含量与脂肪含量分布趋势一致,中部地区品种高,南部北部地区品种低;西部地区品种高,东部地区品种低。棕榈酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸含量与脂肪含量分布趋势相反,中部地区品种低,南部北部品种高;西部地区品种低,东部地区品种高。

2341 samples of soybean germplasm resources in Northeast China were studied fortheir fatty acid composition.The results indicated that among the 5 kinds of fattyacid analyzed the content of linoleic acid was the highest,about 45—62% of the total amount.The order of the 5 fatty acid according to quantity was:linleicacid>oleic acid>palmitic acid>linolenic acid>stearic acid.The results also revealedthat different types of soybean,and soybean varieties with different seed characters,different botanical characters,as well as different geographical origins,were different intheir fatty acid composition.For example,It was found that cultivated types,improvedvarieties and soybean varieties with yellow seed coat,light brown,brown and blackhilum,round seed,indeterminate pod bearing habit,ovate leaf,brown pod and whiteflower usually have higher oleic acid and lower linolenic acid contents,whereas semicultivated soybeans,local varieties and varieties with black or green seed coat,yellowhilum,flat,elliptical seed,semi-determinate habit,elliptical or lanceolate leaf and purple flower usually have higher linoleic acid content.Further analysis also revealed that the content of certain fatty acid were closely related to fat content,which,in turn,was related to the geographical origins of thesoybean varieties analyzed.For example,the contents of stearic and oleic acid are positively correlated to the fat content;they are higher in soybean varieties from middleand western Northeast China,lower in those from northern,southern and easternNortheast china.On the contrary,the palmitic,linoleic and linolenic acid contnetsare negatively correlated to the fat content;they are lower in soybean varieties frommiddle and western Northeast China,but higher in those from southern,northern andeastern Northeast China.