太子参花粉活力和柱头可授性研究

Pollen Viability and Stigma Receptivity of Pseudostellaria heterophylla

目的:研究太子参的花粉活力、柱头可授性及花粉贮藏。方法:采用离体萌发法、染色法测定花粉活力,用联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定柱头可授性,并检测不同贮藏条件下花粉的活力。结果:离体萌发法适用于太子参花粉活力测定,最适培养基为0.04%硼酸+15%蔗糖+11%聚乙二醇,萌发率达92.44%;太子参花药开裂期柱头可授性较强;花粉的短期保存以4℃效果较好,长期保存以-80℃效果最佳。结论:在进行杂交授粉时,应选花药开裂期的花粉,对开花第2天的柱头进行人工授粉,本研究为太子参的良种选育及种质资源保护提供了科学依据。

Objective ： To study the pollen viability, the stigma receptivity and storage character of Pseudostellar- ia heterophylla. Methods：The pollen viability was evaluated by the methods of in vitro pollen germination and pollen staining, the stigma receptivity was estimated by benzidine-H~ O2 method, and the pollen viability in dif- ferent storage conditions were detected. Results：In vitro pollen germination method was suitable for the deter- mination of pollen germination of Pseudostellaria heterophyUa ,the optimal medium was 0.04% H3BO3 ＋ 15% sucrose ＋ 11% PEG 4000,in which the pollen germination capacity reached to 92.44% ;The stigma receptivity of Pseudostellaria heterophylla was higher when the pollen anther opening ; The results showed that short-term pollen storage at -4 ℃ was the most suitable while the long-term pollen storage was at -80 ℃. Conclusion： The optimum cross pollination times of Pseudostellaria heterophyUa was 2 days after blooming and choose the pollen in anther opening. This study provides a foundation for the breeding and germplasm resources protection of Pseudostellaria heterophylla.