儒家、康德与德行伦理学

The Confucian School,Kant and Virtue Ethics

近年来英语世界出现了一股藉西方的“德行伦理学”（VirtueEthics）①诠释儒家伦理学之风潮，例如万百安的《早期中国哲学中的德行伦理学与结果论》（见VanNorden）、余纪元的《孔子与亚里士多德的伦理学》（见Yu；另见余纪元，2009年），以及沈美华的《藉亚里士多德与孔子来重探道德》（见sim）。最近，“德行伦理学”的提倡者之一斯洛特（M．S10te）也涉入了此项主题。

In recent years,a trend of adopting the Western concept of 'virtue ethics' to interpret Confucian ethics has emerged and gained popularity in the English-speaking world.But this trend has neglected two related intellectual trends,namely the so-called 'rehabilitation of practical philosophy' in modern German philosophy,as well as the approach by which contemporary New Confucianism interprets Confucianism by means of Kantian philosophy and its contrast with virtue ethics.Virtue ethics regards itself as a third type of ethics besides teleological ethics and deontological ethics,but fails to explain what the criterion for this trichotomous typology is.Furthermore,advocates of virtue ethics radicalize the opposition between the 'deontological ethics' represented by Kant and the 'virtue ethics' represented by Aristotle,but ignore that Kant's ethics also includes an 'ethics of virtue.' Finally,we at most can prove that pre-Qin Confucianism also has an ethics of virtue,but cannot prove it to be a 'virtue ethics.'