利他主义救助的法律干预

On the Legal Intervention in Altruist Rescue Work

对利他主义救助进行法律干预,应着眼于提高救助收益或降低救助成本。可以设想的法律对策主要包括:设定关于利他主义救助的法律义务,对见危不救实施惩罚;为救助行为提供法律保护,包括减免救助人因疏忽大意而产生的赔偿责任,加重被救助人起诉救助人时的举证负担,以及惩罚被救助人的诬陷或讹诈行为;赋予救助人赔偿请求权,或由政府给予奖励。分析表明,赋予救助人以求偿权不如由政府奖励救助行为;对救助行为提供法律保护优于为救助行为设定法律义务。

The legal intervention in altruist rescue work should focus on the increase of rescue benefits or the reduction of rescue costs.Possible legal measures mainly include:identifying legal duties for altruist rescue and imposing punishment on bystanders;providing legal protection for rescuing behaviors,including reducing or eliminating the compensation liability caused by the rescuer's negligence,increasing the burden of proof of the rescuee in filing a case against the rescuer,and punishing the rescuee for falsely accusing or blackmailing the rescuer;granting the rescuer the right to claim compensation,or awarding the rescuer by the government.Analyses show that governmental awarding is better than granting the rescuer the right to claim compensation,and that providing legal protection is better than identifying legal duties for rescuing behaviors.