《孔圣宗师出身全传》考论

On “Confucius' Life”

《孔圣宗师出身全传》是中国古代唯一以孔子为中心人物的章回体长篇小说,它比较严格地遵照史载,将一人言行编成若干故事,演为传记小说,此为首创,在中国古代小说史上亦属罕见。用通俗小说体例来展现圣人生平与思想,在孔子形象与儒学传播史上意义非凡。但《孔圣宗师出身全传》版本稀少,在相当长的时期内罕为人知,鲜有人论及。本文就该书的体例结构、题材本事与"全相"模式的来源,及其对孔子形象的传播影响略作考论,认为《孔圣宗师出身全传》"年谱式"体例借鉴了《阙里志·年谱》,题材主要出自《孔子家语》,"全相"模式深受《孔子圣迹图》的影响。《全传》使孔子形象与思想更利于被普通百姓理解、接受,具有独特的传播优势。

＂Confucius ＇ Life＂ is the only traditional Chinese novel with each chapter headed by a couplet giving the gist of its content novel which regards Confucius as the center in ancient times of China, it follows the history in year more strictly, compile a people＇s words and deeds into several stories, perform for the biography novel, in order to initiate this, also rare in the history of China＇s ancient novel. Come, represent sage life and thought with popular novel style, image and Confucianism propagate history meaning outstanding in Confucius. But ＂ hole holy master come from, spread ＂ edition within quite long period rare to know rare ＂ all, fewer person touches upon. This text style structure, subject matter skill and source of ＂ the whole looks ＂ mode of this book, influence, act as theory of testing slightly to Confucius spread of image, think ＂ hole holy master come from, spread chronicle of one＇s life type ＂ style drawn lessons from ＂ the chronicle of one＇s life of will on the watchtower on either side of a palace gate all, subject matter come from ＂ Confucius house language ＂ mainly, ＂ the whole looks ＂ mode influenced by Confucius＇ holy mark picture ＂ deeply. ＂ spread completely ＂ makes Confucius＇ image and thought do benefit to being understood, accepted by ordinary common people even more, have unique spread advantages.