明清时期贵州的民族教育

Guizhou National Education in In Ming and Qing Dynasties

明代,贵州民族教育在"治国以教化为先,教化以学校为本"的方针下,极为重视土司子弟教育,使之成为"安边"的重要举措。由官府在设府、州、县学的同时,在民族地区创办若干"司学"。清代则用"义学"实施民族教育。其对象由土司子弟扩展到一般"苗民",对发展少数民族地区的"蒙养"教育有一定积极作用。但义学在民族杂居区推广的成效较大,而于少数民族聚居区、特别是"新辟苗疆"的措施不力。

In the Ming Dynasty, in the rule of the state by teaching first, education to school for this, Guizhou national education attaches great importance to the education of chieftain＇s children , make ＂Stabling the border a^a＂becoming an important measure. By the government in office, state, county, and at the same time, in the ethnic minority regions establish some ＂ division of science ＂. In the Qing Dynasty,the government established the buddhist school to improve the national education. The children of object by the chieftain is extended to a general ＂ Miao people ＂.the development of ＂elementary education ＂has certain positive role in minority area. But the effect of the buddhist school in multiethnic area was bigger, but in areas inhabited by ethnic minorities, especially in the ＂The new border of Miao ＂ ,it was an inadequate measures.